-)How they work?
Surely the most important principle is the use of vanadium, a mineral discovered by the mineralogist Andres Manuel del Rio in Mexico City in 1801, and having China, Finland, South Africa and the United States as largest producers.
His dioxide, VO2, has a reddish color and is a material that exhibits a transition from semiconductor to metal at the critical temperature Tc = 68°C, with a change in its crystal structure.
In fact the value of the transition temperature is not fixed and we are able to change it with the use of dopants (such as molybdenum or tungsten) depending on the required application and the environmental temperature to which will respond to. From the moment Granqvist proposed the film of VO2 like innovative coating for "smart windows", there have been many experiments to analyze the various aspects associated with it, using the different methods of deposition such as sputtering, CVD, sol-gel. Results have been achieved and analyzed for the various different aspects.
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